We report verbatim a 1998 article A Survey of “Complexity Measures” by David P. Feldman and Jim Crutchfield. A more adequate title for this evasive article would be “A Survey of How Science Avoids to Measure Complexity”. Once you’ve read it, ask yourself this: can I use any of these measures to actually measure the…
The origin of the well known Murphy’s Laws may be traced to Edwards Air Force Base in 1949. A few of the most popular of these laws: If anything can go wrong, it will If there is a possibility of several things going wrong, the one that will cause the most damage will be the…
The irrational covid-19-induced destruction of our economy has exacerbated the north-south divisions in Europe and sparked debates on issues such as austerity, recovery funds, financial stability and, of course, national debts. But when speaking of national debts, economists consistently ignore, or forget, the issue of implicit debt and focus exclusively on explicit debt. We propose…
As the patents on many drugs, which have been launched in the 1990s, will soon expire, the pharmaceutical industry finds itself at a turning point in its evolution, particularly as far as research and development are concerned. As the pipelines of new products are shrinking, the exposure of many companies is increasing. This will surely…
From the Wikipedia: A cellular automaton is a discrete model studied in computability theory, mathematics, physics, complexity science, theoretical biology and microstructure modelling. It consists of a regular grid of cells, each in one of a finite number of states, such as “On” and “Off” (in contrast to a coupled map lattice). The grid can be in any finite number of dimensions. For each cell, a set of cells called…
Not everything that counts can be measured and not everything that can be measured counts. This variation of a quote by Einstein is often used as an excuse in order to confine things that may be quantified into the realm of the intangible. The act of measurement is not just laborious. It is also risky.…
A recent article in Washington Times states: “In fact, COVID-19 will go down as one of the political world’s biggest, most shamefully overblown, overhyped, overly and irrationally inflated and outright deceptively flawed responses to a health matter in American history…” We are infected, but infected with fear. Thanks to the corrupt mainstream media, that have been…
April 28, 2020 Fitch cuts the rating of Italy from ‘BBB’ (April 21, 2017) to ‘BBB-‘ with stable outlook. The downgrade, the agency points out, “reflects the significant impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the Italian economy”. According to Fitch, in 2020, Italy’s GDP should record a drop 8% with a debt / GDP ratio…
Citing Wikipedia: “An advantage of terrain occurs when military personnel gain an advantage over an enemy utilizing, or simply in spite of, the terrain around them. The term does not exclusively apply to battles, and can be used more generally regarding entire campaigns or theaters of war. Mountains, for example, can block off certain areas, making it unnecessary to station troops within the…
The covid-19 has accentuated the fragmentation of the European Union. In a moment of political fragility we have performed a resilience rating analysis of the union as a whole as well as of the individual countries and specific macro regions. The idea is to perform a preliminary and simple assessment of how each country could…
