Complexity Economics Engineering Medicine

Processing Discrete, Uncorrelated Data

In the framework of the European Horizon Project AFFIRMO, grant 899871, Ontonix has developed a Risk Stratification tool which provides a probability score of patient hospitalization within a 1-year period (read more).

The tool processes a vector of integers as indicated below, and issues a verdict of 0 (=no) and 1 (=yes).

An example is shown below (rows are samples, the columns represent attributes):

This type of data is often uncorrelated, meaning that there are almost no interdependencies between the columns. The corresponding Complexity Maps have very small density – i.e., very little structure – and all correlations are negligible (including generalized correlations):

This means the structure is quite feeble and one cannot imagine it will remain stable over time. Many problems in engineering and other disciplines (medicine being the obvious one) rely on discrete data of this nature and require a yes/no answer (will it fail or not?) but with a probability attached to it.

The tool Ontonix has developed in the AFFIRMO project does just that. Below is an exaple of probabilities of a discrete yes/no classification of a small sample of cases (patients).

The tool has been adapted to enable its use in contexts other than medicine and with data that is uncorrelated, i.e., chaotic. This requires continuous-to-discrete data transformation, which is accomplished very easily. The tool is currently being tested in various industrial applications.

It must be remarked that chaotic unstructured (uncorrelated) data generally carries less information than data with structure. Making decisions based on similar data normally carries more risk. Read about in one of our older blogs.

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Established originally in 2005 in the USA, Ontonix is a technology company headquartered in Como, Italy. The unusual technology and solutions developed by Ontonix focus on countering what most threatens safety, advanced products, critical infrastructures, or IT network security - the rapid growth of complexity. In 2007 the company received recognition by being selected as Gartner's Cool Vendor. What makes Ontonix different from all those companies and research centers who claim to manage complexity is that we have a complexity metric. This means that we MEASURE complexity. We detect anomalies in complex defense systems without using Machine Learning for one very good reason: our clients don’t have the luxury of multiple examples of failures necessary to teach software to recognize them. We identify anomalies without having seen them before. Sometimes, you must get it right the first and only time!

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